Cubism was a revolutionary artistic movement of the early 20th century, mainly associated with the artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. The style is characterised by the fragmentation of objects into geometric shapes and the simultaneous representation of multiple perspectives. Here is an overview of the main aspects of Cubism.
Origins and Development
Cubism was born in France around 1907, influenced by the works of Cézanne and African art. Picasso and Braque began to break down natural forms into geometric structures, breaking with traditional perspective.
The Phases of Cubism
Analytical Cubism
This first phase (1907-1912) was marked by a methodical deconstruction of objects into complex geometric fragments. The colours were often monochromatic, to emphasise form and structure.
Synthetic Cubism
From 1912 onwards, Cubism evolved towards a more colourful and less fragmented phase. Artists incorporated various materials such as paper, newspapers and sand, creating collages and works that were more visually accessible.
Main Features
Geometric Decomposition The objects are broken down into simple shapes, often cubes, hence the name of the movement.c
Multiperspectivism Artists represent several viewpoints of an object in a single image, offering a more complete vision of reality.
Color pallet Initially limited to monochromatic shades, the Cubist palette was broadened with Synthetic Cubism.
Collage and Mixed Materials The introduction of non-traditional materials into works of art enriches the texture and depth of compositions.
Influence and Legacy
Cubism had a profound influence on modern art, inspiring movements such as Futurism, Constructivism and Surrealism. It also had an impact on literature, music and architecture.
Famous Examples
"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" by Picasso (1907) This work is often considered to be the starting point for Cubism.
"Violon et Palette" by Braque (1909-1910) A typical example of analytical cubism, breaking down a violin into geometric shapes.
"Nature morte à la chaise cannée" by Picasso (1912) A collage emblematic of synthetic Cubism, incorporating newspaper and oilcloth.
Cubism redefined artistic conventions, proposing a new way of seeing and representing the world. The movement continues to inspire and fascinate, testifying to the boundless innovation and creativity of the artists who pioneered it.
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